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An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the user, facilitating communication and coordination between all the different components of the computer system.

The primary functions of an operating system include managing memory, allocating resources, scheduling tasks, facilitating input and output operations, and providing security and protection. An OS also provides a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows users to interact with the computer easily.

Operating systems come in different types, with the most common ones being Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android. Each OS has its own set of features, design, and compatibility with different hardware and software.

Overall, an operating system is essential for facilitating the efficient and effective operation of a computer system, enabling users to perform various tasks and run software applications smoothly.